报告名称:中国航空业评论——重固定资产行业的投资回报率较低
研究员:余黄炎
报告类型:港股研究*行业报告
报告日期:20110113
行业/子行业:航空机场
公司名称及代码:
投资建议:无评级
【内容摘要】
我们考察航空业的3年以上的投资回报率,并以中国国航作为航空业的代表。根据价值规律,在较长的时间里,股票价格往往能够反映公司的真实价值。因此,我们可以用3年以上的股价回报率来衡量一家公司的投资回报率。中国国航是一家典型的重固定资产业务公司,而在香港证券市场,腾讯控股是一家典型的轻固定资产业务公司。我们发现,这两家公司的投资回报率差距非常大。差距很大的一个重要原因,就是这两家公司分别从事重固定资产业务和轻固定资产业务。
中国国航:典型的重固定资产业务公司 2009年末,中国国航总资产1079亿元(人民币,下同),2009年收入501亿元,经常性净利润为38.2亿元,总资产周转率仅0.5倍,经常性净资产收益率为17%。
中国国航2005年初以来6年的股价回报率为238% 中国国航2005年初以来6年的股价回报率为238%。这一回报率算是比较高,这主要得益于2010年中国航空业的高度景气和中国国航的盈利创历史最高记录。
腾讯控股:典型的轻固定资产业务公司 2009年末,腾讯控股总资产175.1亿元(含115.5亿元现金和银行存款),2009年收入124.4亿元,经常性净利润为51.6亿元,总资产周转率(扣除现金和存款)为2.1倍,经常性净资产收益率高达54%。
腾讯控股2005年初以来6年的股价回报率为45.8倍 2005年初,中国国航的复权后股价为HK$ 3.84港元,当前最新股价为HK$ 179.70港元,2005年初以来6年的投资回报率为45.8倍。
重固定资产行业投资回报率较低 根据杜邦财务分析系统,中国国航的净资产收益率大大低于腾讯控股,一个原因就在于其总资产周转率远远低于腾讯控股。重固定资产的特征不仅导致中国国航的盈利能力不强,更导致中国国航的公司自由现金流总是为负数。这让我们想起投资大师沃伦•巴菲特的话:"通常,资产庞大的企业回报率低","大多数高回报率的公司需要相对小的资产"。
During Jan 2005-Jan 2011, Air China's total share price return is 238%. We believe Air China operates heavy fixed assets. Tencent Holdings (700.HK), a software company which provides internet value-added services and telecom value-added services, has total share price return of 4580% during Jan 2005-Jan 2011. Tencent Holdings is a typical light-fixed-asset company. In this report, we try to study why the two companies have so different investment returns to their shareholders.
Air China: a typical heavy-fixed-asset company. At the end of 2009, Air China's total assets were RMB 107.9 billion. In 2009, Air China's revenue was RMB 50.1 billion and recurrent net profit was RMB 3820 million. Accordingly, Air China's total assets turnover in 2009 was only 0.5x, and recurrent ROE was 17%.
Air China's share price return is acceptable. During Jan 2005-Jan 2011, Air China's total share price return is 238%. This result thanks to the surging strong air transportation demands in China in 2010.
Tencent Holdings: a typical light-fixed-asset company. At the end of 2009, Tencent Holdings' total assets were RMB 17.5 billion (including huge cash). In 2009, Tencent Holdings' revenue was RMB 12.4 billion and recurrent net profit was RMB 5,160 million. Accordingly, Tencent Holdings' total assets turnover was 2.1x, and recurrent ROE was as high as 54%.
Tencent Holdings' share price return is very high. During Jan 2005-Jan 2011, Tencent Holdings total share price return is 4580%.
A heavy-fixed-asset company has low investment return for shareholders. According to System of Dupont Financial Analysis, the ROE of a company depends on its net profit margin and total assets turnover. A heavy-fixed-asset company usually has low total assets turnover and then low ROE.
【摘要结束】
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